01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Grease a standard 12-cup muffin tin generously or line with paper liners.
02 - Combine diced rhubarb, ½ cup granulated sugar, and 2 tbsp melted butter in a bowl. Spoon a heaping tablespoon of the mixture into the bottom of each muffin cup, pressing lightly to form an even layer.
03 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, remaining ½ cup sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until evenly distributed.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk the cooled melted butter, egg, buttermilk, and vanilla extract until smooth and well blended.
05 - Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and fold gently with a spatula just until combined. A few small lumps are fine — do not overmix or the muffins will become tough.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the muffin cups, spooning it over the rhubarb layer in each cup. Fill each cup about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean and the tops are lightly golden.
08 - Let the muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes. Run a knife around the edges of each muffin, then carefully invert the pan onto a wire rack so the rhubarb layer ends up on top. Serve slightly warm or at room temperature.